> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://standard.aiuc-1.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# C002: Conduct pre-deployment testing

export const InlineClock = ({city, timeZone}) => {
  const [time, setTime] = useState('--:--:--');
  useEffect(() => {
    const update = () => setTime(new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', {
      hour: '2-digit',
      minute: '2-digit',
      second: '2-digit',
      hour12: false,
      timeZone
    }).format(new Date()));
    update();
    const id = setInterval(update, 1000);
    return () => clearInterval(id);
  }, [timeZone]);
  return <div className="aiuc-footer-clock">
      <span className="aiuc-footer-clock-city">{city}</span>
      <span className="aiuc-footer-clock-time">{time}</span>
    </div>;
};

Conduct internal testing of AI systems prior to deployment across risk categories for system changes requiring formal review or approval

<div className="aiuc-requirement-overview">
  <section className="aiuc-requirement-overview-section aiuc-requirement-overview-taxonomy">
    <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-group">
      <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-label">Keywords</div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-pill-list">
        <span className="aiuc-requirement-overview-pill">Internal Testing</span>
        <span className="aiuc-requirement-overview-pill">Pre-Deployment Testing</span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </section>

  <section className="aiuc-requirement-overview-section aiuc-requirement-overview-details">
    <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-detail">
      <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-label">Application</div>
      <span className="aiuc-requirement-overview-pill">Mandatory</span>
    </div>

    <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-detail">
      <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-label">Frequency</div>
      <span className="aiuc-requirement-overview-pill">Every 12 months</span>
    </div>

    <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-detail">
      <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-label">Type</div>
      <span className="aiuc-requirement-overview-pill">Preventative</span>
    </div>

    <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-detail">
      <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-label">Capabilities</div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-pill-list">
        <span className="aiuc-requirement-overview-pill">Universal</span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </section>

  <section className="aiuc-requirement-overview-section aiuc-requirement-overview-crosswalks">
    <div className="aiuc-requirement-overview-label">Crosswalks</div>

    <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-grid">
      <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-group">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-heading">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-title">MITRE ATLAS</span> <span className="aiuc-help-marker aiuc-crosswalk-help-marker" data-tooltip="Knowledge base of adversarial tactics, techniques and mitigation strategies for machine learning systems, similar to MITRE ATT&CK for cybersecurity" tabIndex="0">?</span>
        </div>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-rule" aria-hidden="true" />

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-items">
          <a href="/crosswalks/mitre-atlas" title="Vulnerability scanning is used to find potentially exploitable software vulnerabilities to remediate them. File formats such as pickle files that are commonly…">AML-M0016: Vulnerability Scanning</a>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-group">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-heading">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-title">EU AI Act</span> <span className="aiuc-help-marker aiuc-crosswalk-help-marker" data-tooltip="EU regulation classifies AI systems by risk levels (minimal, limited, high, unacceptable) with corresponding compliance obligations" tabIndex="0">?</span>
        </div>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-rule" aria-hidden="true" />

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-items">
          <a href="/crosswalks/eu-ai-act" title="The EU AI Act requires a risk management system for high-risk AI systems. This system should be a continuous process throughout the AI's lifecycle, regularly r…">Article 9: Risk Management System</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/eu-ai-act" title="Before using a high-risk AI system, public bodies and private entities providing public services must assess how the system could impact people's fundamental r…">Article 27: Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment for High-Risk AI Systems</a>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-group">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-heading">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-title">ISO 42001</span> <span className="aiuc-help-marker aiuc-crosswalk-help-marker" data-tooltip="International standard for AI management systems (AIMS) covering responsible AI development and deployment" tabIndex="0">?</span>
        </div>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-rule" aria-hidden="true" />

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-items">
          <a href="/crosswalks/iso-42001" title="The organization shall document a deployment plan and ensure that appropriate requirements are met prior to deployment.">A.6.2.5: AI system deployment</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/iso-42001" title="The organization shall define and document verification and validation measures for the AI system and specify criteria for their use.">A.6.2.4: AI system verification and validation</a>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-group">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-heading">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-title">NIST AI RMF</span> <span className="aiuc-help-marker aiuc-crosswalk-help-marker" data-tooltip="US government framework for managing AI risks throughout the AI lifecycle with four core functions: Govern, Map, Measure, Manage" tabIndex="0">?</span>
        </div>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-rule" aria-hidden="true" />

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-items">
          <a href="/crosswalks/nist-ai-rmf" title="Organizational practices are in place to enable AI testing, identification of incidents, and information sharing.">GOVERN 4.3: Testing and incident sharing</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/nist-ai-rmf" title="A determination is made as to whether the AI system achieves its intended purpose and stated objectives and whether its development or deployment should procee…">MANAGE 1.1: Purpose achievement</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/nist-ai-rmf" title="Internal risk controls for components of the AI system including third-party AI technologies are identified and documented.">MAP 4.2: Internal risk controls</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/nist-ai-rmf" title="Test sets, metrics, and details about the tools used during test, evaluation, validation, and verification (TEVV) are documented.">MEASURE 2.1: TEVV documentation</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/nist-ai-rmf" title="AI system performance or assurance criteria are measured qualitatively or quantitatively and demonstrated for conditions similar to deployment setting(s). Meas…">MEASURE 2.3: Performance demonstration</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/nist-ai-rmf" title="The AI system to be deployed is demonstrated to be valid and reliable. Limitations of the generalizability beyond the conditions under which the technology was…">MEASURE 2.5: Validity and reliability</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/nist-ai-rmf" title="Measurable performance improvements or declines based on consultations with relevant AI actors including affected communities, and field data about context-rel…">MEASURE 4.3: Performance tracking</a>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-group">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-heading">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-title">CSA AICM</span> <span className="aiuc-help-marker aiuc-crosswalk-help-marker" data-tooltip="Cloud Security Alliance’s AI Controls Matrix provides security controls framework specifically designed for AI/ML systems" tabIndex="0">?</span>
        </div>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-rule" aria-hidden="true" />

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-items">
          <a href="/crosswalks/csa-aicm" title="Implement a testing strategy, including criteria for acceptance of new information systems, upgrades and new versions, which provides application security assu…">AIS-05: Application Security Testing</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/csa-aicm" title="Establish and implement strategies and capabilities for secure, standardized, and compliant application deployment. Automate where possible.">AIS-06: Secure Application Deployment</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/csa-aicm" title="Define and implement a process to remediate application security vulnerabilities, automating remediation when possible.">AIS-07: Application Vulnerability Remediation</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/csa-aicm" title="Implement source code management practices, such as version control, code review & static code analysis, aligning with the SDLC process.">AIS-12: Source Code Management</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/csa-aicm" title="Establish, maintain and implement a defined quality change control, approval and testing process incorporating baselines, testing, and release standards.">CCC-02: Quality Testing</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/csa-aicm" title="Define and implement a software development lifecycle (SDLC) process for application requirements analysis, planning, design, development, testing, deployment,…">AIS-04: Secure Application Development Lifecycle</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/csa-aicm" title="Define, implement and evaluate processes, procedures and technical measures to identify updates for applications which use third party or open-source libraries…">TVM-05: External Library Vulnerabilities</a>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-group">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-heading">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-title">IBM AI Risk Atlas</span> <span className="aiuc-help-marker aiuc-crosswalk-help-marker" data-tooltip="Comprehensive taxonomy of risks associated with ML models, GenAI, and AI Agents from IBM Research" tabIndex="0">?</span>
        </div>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-rule" aria-hidden="true" />

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-items">
          <a href="/crosswalks/ibm-ai-risk-atlas" title="Evaluating the performance or accuracy or an agent is difficult because of system complexity and open-endedness.">IBM 11: Agentic AI - Incomplete AI agent evaluation</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/ibm-ai-risk-atlas" title="Testing is unrepresentative when the test inputs are mismatched with the inputs that are expected during deployment.">IBM 84: Non-Technical - Unrepresentative risk testing</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/ibm-ai-risk-atlas" title="A metric selected to measure or track a risk is incorrectly selected, incompletely measuring the risk, or measuring the wrong risk for the given context.">IBM 85: Non-Technical - Incorrect risk testing</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/ibm-ai-risk-atlas" title="AI model risks are socio-technical, so their testing needs input from a broad set of disciplines and diverse testing practices.">IBM 86: Non-Technical - Lack of testing diversity</a>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-group">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-heading">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-title">Cisco AI Security Framework</span> <span className="aiuc-help-marker aiuc-crosswalk-help-marker" data-tooltip="Comprehensive AI threat landscape taxonomy identifying 19 attacker objectives with 150+ subtechniques from Cisco" tabIndex="0">?</span>
        </div>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-rule" aria-hidden="true" />

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-items">
          <a href="/crosswalks/cisco-ai-security-safety-framework" title="Actors prompt generative models or agents to produce unauthorized, unsafe, or malicious content, including harmful instructions, toxic speech, misinformation,…">AITech-15.1: Harmful Content</a>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-group">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-heading">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-title">CO AI Act</span> <span className="aiuc-help-marker aiuc-crosswalk-help-marker" data-tooltip="Colorado AI Act requires developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to use reasonable care to protect consumers from algorithmic discrimination" tabIndex="0">?</span>
        </div>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-rule" aria-hidden="true" />

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-items">
          <a href="/crosswalks/co-ai-act" title="Imposes a duty of reasonable care on developers and requires documentation, public disclosure, and reporting of known algorithmic discrimination risks.">6-1-1702: Developer Duties</a>
          <a href="/crosswalks/co-ai-act" title="Imposes a duty of reasonable care on deployers and requires a risk management program, impact assessments, consumer notifications, and public disclosures.">6-1-1703: Deployer Duties</a>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-group">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-heading">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-title">CA SB 53</span> <span className="aiuc-help-marker aiuc-crosswalk-help-marker" data-tooltip="California Senate Bill 53 establishes safety requirements for frontier AI models including shutdown capabilities and safety testing" tabIndex="0">?</span>
        </div>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-rule" aria-hidden="true" />

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-crosswalk-items">
          <a href="/crosswalks/ca-sb-53" title="Requires large frontier developers to publish a Frontier AI Framework and transparency reports, and to submit quarterly catastrophic risk assessments to OES.">22757.12: Transparency & Reporting Obligations</a>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </section>
</div>

<section className="aiuc-requirement-control-evidence">
  <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-evidence-headings">
    <h2>Control activities</h2>
    <h2>Typical evidence</h2>
  </div>

  <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-evidence-group">
    <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-evidence-label">
      <span>Should include</span> <span className="aiuc-help-marker" data-tooltip="Organizations must demonstrate core controls to meet the requirement. Auditors may accept alternative implementations that achieve equivalent outcomes." tabIndex="0">?</span>
    </div>

    <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-evidence-row">
      <div className="aiuc-requirement-card aiuc-requirement-control-card">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-item">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-control-bullet" aria-hidden="true" />

          <p><strong>Conducting pre-deployment testing with documented results and identified issues.</strong> For example, structured hallucination testing, adversarial prompting, safety unit tests, and scenario-based walkthroughs.</p>
        </div>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-item">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-control-bullet" aria-hidden="true" />

          <p><strong>Completing risk assessments of identified issues before system deployment.</strong> For example, potential impact analysis, mitigation strategies, and residual risk evaluation.</p>
        </div>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-item">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-control-bullet" aria-hidden="true" />

          <p><strong>Obtaining approval sign-offs from designated accountable.</strong> For example, documented rationale for approval decisions and maintained records for review purposes.</p>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-card aiuc-requirement-evidence-card">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-title">C002.1 Documentation: Pre-deployment test and approval records</div>
        <p>Test results with identified issues and severity ratings, risk assessment with mitigation decisions, and approval sign-offs with rationale - may be combined in deployment gate documentation or provided as separate documents (e.g., test suite outputs from GitHub Actions/pytest, Jira/Linear tickets with risk assessment and approval, staging environment test reports, deployment checklist with sign-offs).</p>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta">
          <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-group">
            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-label">Category</div>
            <a href="/evidence/technical-implementation">Technical Implementation</a>
          </div>

          <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-group">
            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-label">Typical location</div>

            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill-list">
              <span className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill">Engineering Practice</span>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-group">
            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-label">Capabilities</div>

            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill-list">
              <span className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill">Universal</span>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-evidence-group">
    <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-evidence-label">
      <span>May include</span> <span className="aiuc-help-marker" data-tooltip="Supplemental controls demonstrating additional safeguards. Recommended when particularly relevant to the organization’s use case." tabIndex="0">?</span>
    </div>

    <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-evidence-row">
      <div className="aiuc-requirement-card aiuc-requirement-control-card">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-item">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-control-bullet" aria-hidden="true" />

          <p><strong>Integrating AI system testing into established software development lifecycle (SDLC) gates.</strong> For example, including threat modelling and risk evaluation during design phases, requiring risk evaluation and sign-off at staging or pre-production milestones, aligning with CI/CD or MLOps pipelines, and documenting test artefacts in shared repositories."</p>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-card aiuc-requirement-evidence-card">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-title">C002.2 Config: SDLC integration</div>
        <p>CI/CD pipeline configuration or workflow showing AI testing integrated as deployment gate - may include GitHub Actions/Jenkins/GitLab CI config files requiring test passage, pull request templates with testing checklists, or branch protection rules enforcing pre-deployment validation.</p>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta">
          <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-group">
            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-label">Category</div>
            <a href="/evidence/technical-implementation">Technical Implementation</a>
          </div>

          <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-group">
            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-label">Typical location</div>

            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill-list">
              <span className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill">Engineering Practice</span>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-group">
            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-label">Capabilities</div>

            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill-list">
              <span className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill">Universal</span>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-evidence-row">
      <div className="aiuc-requirement-card aiuc-requirement-control-card">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-control-item">
          <span className="aiuc-requirement-control-bullet" aria-hidden="true" />

          <p><strong>Implementing pre-deployment vulnerability scanning of AI artifacts and dependencies.</strong> For example, scanning AI models and ML libraries for security vulnerabilities, validating runtime behavior for unsafe operations, and analyzing outputs for harmful content before deployment.</p>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div className="aiuc-requirement-card aiuc-requirement-evidence-card">
        <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-title">C002.3 Documentation: Vulnerability scan results</div>
        <p>Security scanning tools or CI/CD pipeline showing vulnerability analysis of AI artifacts and dependencies - may include GitHub/GitLab security tab with dependency alerts, Snyk or Dependabot vulnerability findings, pip-audit or safety check terminal output showing CVE scans, model file scanning results, or CI/CD logs showing security scan execution.</p>

        <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta">
          <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-group">
            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-label">Category</div>
            <a href="/evidence/technical-implementation">Technical Implementation</a>
          </div>

          <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-group">
            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-label">Typical location</div>

            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill-list">
              <span className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill">Engineering Tooling</span>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-group">
            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-meta-label">Capabilities</div>

            <div className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill-list">
              <span className="aiuc-requirement-evidence-pill">Universal</span>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <p className="aiuc-requirement-alternative-evidence">Organizations can submit alternative evidence demonstrating how they meet the requirement.</p>
</section>

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  <span className="aiuc-footer-corner aiuc-footer-corner-bl">
    <svg fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12">
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